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# QStringRef Class Reference
[QtCore module]

The QStringRef class provides a thin wrapper around QString substrings. More...

     #include <QStringRef>

Note: All functions in this class are reentrant.

This class was introduced in Qt 4.3.

- List of all members, including inherited members

## Public Functions

| QStringRef ()
| QStringRef ( const QString * string, int position, int length )
| QStringRef ( const QString * string )
| QStringRef ( const QStringRef & other )
| ~QStringRef ()
QStringRef | appendTo ( QString * string ) const
const QChar | at ( int position ) const
void | clear ()
int | compare ( const QString & other, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive ) const
int | compare ( const QStringRef & other, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive ) const
int | compare ( QLatin1String other, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive ) const
const QChar * | constData () const
int | count () const
const QChar * | data () const
bool | isEmpty () const
bool | isNull () const
int | length () const
int | localeAwareCompare ( const QString & other ) const
int | localeAwareCompare ( const QStringRef & other ) const
int | position () const
int | size () const
const QString * | string () const
QString | toString () const
const QChar * | unicode () const
QStringRef & | operator= ( const QStringRef & other )
QStringRef & | operator= ( const QString * string )

## Static Public Members

int | compare ( const QStringRef & s1, const QString & s2, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive )
int | compare ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive )
int | compare ( const QStringRef & s1, QLatin1String s2, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive )
int | localeAwareCompare ( const QStringRef & s1, const QString & s2 )
int | localeAwareCompare ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )

## Related Non-Members

bool | operator< ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )
bool | operator<= ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )
bool | operator== ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )
bool | operator== ( const QString & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )
bool | operator== ( const QLatin1String & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )
bool | operator> ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )
bool | operator>= ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )

## Detailed Description

The QStringRef class provides a thin wrapper around QString substrings.

QStringRef provides a read-only subset of the QString API.

A string reference explicitly references a portion of a string() with a given size(), starting at a specific position(). Calling toString() returns a copy of the data as a real QString instance.

This class is designed to improve the performance of substring handling when manipulating substrings obtained from existing QString instances. QStringRef avoids the memory allocation and reference counting overhead of a standard QString by simply referencing a part of the original string. This can prove to be advantageous in low level code, such as that used in a parser, at the expense of potentially more complex code.

For most users, there are no semantic benefits to using QStringRef instead of QString since QStringRef requires attention to be paid to memory management issues, potentially making code more complex to write and maintain.

Warning: A QStringRef is only valid as long as the referenced string exists. If the original string is deleted, the string reference points to an invalid memory location.

We suggest that you only use this class in stable code where profiling has clearly identified that performance improvements can be made by replacing standard string operations with the optimized substring handling provided by this class.

See also Implicitly Shared Classes.

## Member Function Documentation

### QStringRef::QStringRef ()

Constructs an empty string reference.

### QStringRef::QStringRef ( const QString * string, int position, int length )

Constructs a string reference to the range of characters in the given string specified by the starting position and length in characters.

Warning: This function exists to improve performance as much as possible, and performs no bounds checking. For program correctness, position and length must describe a valid substring of string.

This means that the starting position must be positive or 0 and smaller than string's length, and length must be positive or 0 but smaller than the string's length minus the starting position; i.e, 0 <= position < string->length() and 0 <= length <= string->length() - position must both be satisfied.

### QStringRef::QStringRef ( const QString * string )

Constructs a string reference to the given string.

### QStringRef::QStringRef ( const QStringRef & other )

Constructs a copy of the other string reference.

### QStringRef::~QStringRef ()

Destroys the string reference.

Since this class is only used to refer to string data, and does not take ownership of it, no memory is freed when instances are destroyed.

### QStringRef QStringRef::appendTo ( QString * string ) const

Appends the string reference to string, and returns a new reference to the combined string data.

### const QChar QStringRef::at ( int position ) const

Returns the character at the given index position in the string reference.

The position must be a valid index position in the string (i.e., 0 <= position < size()).

### void QStringRef::clear ()

Clears the contents of the string reference by making it null and empty.

See also isEmpty() and isNull().

### int QStringRef::compare ( const QStringRef & s1, const QString & s2, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive ) `[static]`

Compares the string s1 with the string s2 and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is less than, equal to, or greater than s2.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive, the comparison is case sensitive; otherwise the comparison is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

### int QStringRef::compare ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive ) `[static]`

This is an overloaded function.

Compares the string s1 with the string s2 and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is less than, equal to, or greater than s2.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive, the comparison is case sensitive; otherwise the comparison is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

### int QStringRef::compare ( const QStringRef & s1, QLatin1String s2, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive ) `[static]`

This is an overloaded function.

Compares the string s1 with the string s2 and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is less than, equal to, or greater than s2.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive, the comparison is case sensitive; otherwise the comparison is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

### int QStringRef::compare ( const QString & other, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive ) const

This is an overloaded function.

Compares this string with the other string and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if this string is less than, equal to, or greater than the other string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive, the comparison is case sensitive; otherwise the comparison is case insensitive.

Equivalent to `compare(*this, other, cs)`.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

See also QString::compare().

### int QStringRef::compare ( const QStringRef & other, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive ) const

This is an overloaded function.

Compares this string with the other string and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if this string is less than, equal to, or greater than the other string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive, the comparison is case sensitive; otherwise the comparison is case insensitive.

Equivalent to `compare(*this, other, cs)`.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

See also QString::compare().

### int QStringRef::compare ( QLatin1String other, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseSensitive ) const

This is an overloaded function.

Compares this string with the other string and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if this string is less than, equal to, or greater than the other string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive, the comparison is case sensitive; otherwise the comparison is case insensitive.

Equivalent to `compare(*this, other, cs)`.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

See also QString::compare().

### const QChar * QStringRef::constData () const

Same as unicode().

### int QStringRef::count () const

Returns the number of characters referred to by the string reference. Equivalent to size() and length().

See also position() and string().

### const QChar * QStringRef::data () const

Same as unicode().

### bool QStringRef::isEmpty () const

Returns true if the string reference has no characters; otherwise returns false.

A string reference is empty if its size is zero.

See also size().

### bool QStringRef::isNull () const

Returns true if string() returns a null pointer or a pointer to a null string; otherwise returns true.

See also size().

### int QStringRef::length () const

Returns the number of characters referred to by the string reference. Equivalent to size() and count().

See also position() and string().

### int QStringRef::localeAwareCompare ( const QStringRef & s1, const QString & s2 ) `[static]`

Compares s1 with s2 and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is less than, equal to, or greater than s2.

The comparison is performed in a locale- and also platform-dependent manner. Use this function to present sorted lists of strings to the user.

On Mac OS X, this function compares according the "Order for sorted lists" setting in the International prefereces panel.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

See also compare() and QTextCodec::locale().

### int QStringRef::localeAwareCompare ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 ) `[static]`

This is an overloaded function.

Compares s1 with s2 and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is less than, equal to, or greater than s2.

The comparison is performed in a locale- and also platform-dependent manner. Use this function to present sorted lists of strings to the user.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

### int QStringRef::localeAwareCompare ( const QString & other ) const

This is an overloaded function.

Compares this string with the other string and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if this string is less than, equal to, or greater than the other string.

The comparison is performed in a locale- and also platform-dependent manner. Use this function to present sorted lists of strings to the user.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

### int QStringRef::localeAwareCompare ( const QStringRef & other ) const

This is an overloaded function.

Compares this string with the other string and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if this string is less than, equal to, or greater than the other string.

The comparison is performed in a locale- and also platform-dependent manner. Use this function to present sorted lists of strings to the user.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

### int QStringRef::position () const

Returns the starting position in the referenced string that is referred to by the string reference.

See also size() and string().

### int QStringRef::size () const

Returns the number of characters referred to by the string reference. Equivalent to length() and count().

See also position() and string().

### const QString * QStringRef::string () const

Returns a pointer to the string referred to by the string reference, or 0 if it does not reference a string.

See also unicode().

### QString QStringRef::toString () const

Returns a copy of the string reference as a QString object.

If the string reference is not a complete reference of the string (meaning that position() is 0 and size() equals string()->size()), this function will allocate a new string to return.

See also string().

### const QChar * QStringRef::unicode () const

Returns a Unicode representation of the string reference. Since the data stems directly from the referenced string, it is not null-terminated unless the string reference includes the string's null terminator.

See also string().

### QStringRef & QStringRef::operator= ( const QStringRef & other )

Assigns the other string reference to this string reference, and returns the result.

### QStringRef & QStringRef::operator= ( const QString * string )

Constructs a string reference to the given string and assigns it to this string reference, returning the result.

## Related Non-Members

### bool operator< ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )

Returns true if string reference s1 is lexically less than string reference s2; otherwise returns false.

The comparison is based exclusively on the numeric Unicode values of the characters and is very fast, but is not what a human would expect. Consider sorting user-interface strings using the QString::localeAwareCompare() function.

### bool operator<= ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )

Returns true if string reference s1 is lexically less than or equal to string reference s2; otherwise returns false.

The comparison is based exclusively on the numeric Unicode values of the characters and is very fast, but is not what a human would expect. Consider sorting user-interface strings using the QString::localeAwareCompare() function.

### bool operator== ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )

Returns true if string reference s1 is lexically equal to string reference s2; otherwise returns false.

### bool operator== ( const QString & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )

Returns true if string s1 is lexically equal to string reference s2; otherwise returns false.

### bool operator== ( const QLatin1String & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )

Returns true if string s1 is lexically equal to string reference s2; otherwise returns false.

### bool operator> ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )

Returns true if string reference s1 is lexically greater than string reference s2; otherwise returns false.

The comparison is based exclusively on the numeric Unicode values of the characters and is very fast, but is not what a human would expect. Consider sorting user-interface strings using the QString::localeAwareCompare() function.

### bool operator>= ( const QStringRef & s1, const QStringRef & s2 )

Returns true if string reference s1 is lexically greater than or equal to string reference s2; otherwise returns false.

The comparison is based exclusively on the numeric Unicode values of the characters and is very fast, but is not what a human would expect. Consider sorting user-interface strings using the QString::localeAwareCompare() function.