User's Guide
Reference Manual
Release Notes
PDF
Top

STDLIB
Reference Manual
Version 1.17.3

Expand All
Contract All

Table of Contents

- STDLIB (App)
- array
  - Top of manual page
  - default/1
  - fix/1
  - foldl/3
  - foldr/3
  - from_list/1
  - from_list/2
  - from_orddict/1
  - from_orddict/2
  - get/2
  - is_array/1
  - is_fix/1
  - map/2
  - new/0
  - new/1
  - new/2
  - relax/1
  - reset/2
  - resize/1
  - resize/2
  - set/3
  - size/1
  - sparse_foldl/3
  - sparse_foldr/3
  - sparse_map/2
  - sparse_size/1
  - sparse_to_list/1
  - sparse_to_orddict/1
  - to_list/1
  - to_orddict/1
- base64
  - Top of manual page
  - encode/1
  - encode_to_string/1
  - decode/1
  - decode_to_string/1
  - mime_decode/1
  - mime_decode_to_string/1
- beam_lib
  - Top of manual page
  - chunks/2
  - chunks/3
  - version/1
  - md5/1
  - info/1
  - cmp/2
  - cmp_dirs/2
  - diff_dirs/2
  - strip/1
  - strip_files/1
  - strip_release/1
  - format_error/1
  - crypto_key_fun/1
  - clear_crypto_key_fun/0
- binary
  - Top of manual page
  - at/2
  - bin_to_list/1
  - bin_to_list/2
  - bin_to_list/3
  - compile_pattern/1
  - copy/1
  - copy/2
  - decode_unsigned/1
  - decode_unsigned/2
  - encode_unsigned/1
  - encode_unsigned/2
  - first/1
  - last/1
  - list_to_bin/1
  - longest_common_prefix/1
  - longest_common_suffix/1
  - match/2
  - match/3
  - matches/2
  - matches/3
  - part/2
  - part/3
  - referenced_byte_size/1
  - replace/3
  - replace/4
  - split/2
  - split/3
- c
  - Top of manual page
  - bt/1
  - c/1
  - c/2
  - cd/1
  - flush/0
  - help/0
  - i/0
  - ni/0
  - i/3
  - l/1
  - lc/1
  - ls/0
  - ls/1
  - m/0
  - m/1
  - memory/0
  - memory/1
  - memory/1
  - nc/1
  - nc/2
  - nl/1
  - pid/3
  - pwd/0
  - q/0
  - regs/0
  - nregs/0
  - xm/1
  - y/1
  - y/2
- calendar
  - Top of manual page
  - date_to_gregorian_days/1
  - date_to_gregorian_days/3
  - datetime_to_gregorian_seconds/1
  - day_of_the_week/1
  - day_of_the_week/3
  - gregorian_days_to_date/1
  - gregorian_seconds_to_datetime/1
  - is_leap_year/1
  - iso_week_number/0
  - iso_week_number/1
  - last_day_of_the_month/2
  - local_time/0
  - local_time_to_universal_time/1
  - local_time_to_universal_time_dst/1
  - now_to_local_time/1
  - now_to_universal_time/1
  - now_to_datetime/1
  - seconds_to_daystime/1
  - seconds_to_time/1
  - time_difference/2
  - time_to_seconds/1
  - universal_time/0
  - universal_time_to_local_time/1
  - valid_date/1
  - valid_date/3
- dets
  - Top of manual page
  - all/0
  - bchunk/2
  - close/1
  - delete/2
  - delete_all_objects/1
  - delete_object/2
  - first/1
  - foldl/3
  - foldr/3
  - from_ets/2
  - info/1
  - info/2
  - init_table/2
  - insert/2
  - insert_new/2
  - is_compatible_bchunk_format/2
  - is_dets_file/1
  - lookup/2
  - match/1
  - match/2
  - match/3
  - match_delete/2
  - match_object/1
  - match_object/2
  - match_object/3
  - member/2
  - next/2
  - open_file/1
  - open_file/2
  - pid2name/1
  - repair_continuation/2
  - safe_fixtable/2
  - select/1
  - select/2
  - select/3
  - select_delete/2
  - slot/2
  - sync/1
  - table/1
  - to_ets/2
  - traverse/2
  - update_counter/3
- dict
  - Top of manual page
  - append/3
  - append_list/3
  - erase/2
  - fetch/2
  - fetch_keys/1
  - filter/2
  - find/2
  - fold/3
  - from_list/1
  - is_key/2
  - map/2
  - merge/3
  - new/0
  - size/1
  - store/3
  - to_list/1
  - update/3
  - update/4
  - update_counter/3
- digraph
  - Top of manual page
  - add_edge/5
  - add_edge/4
  - add_edge/3
  - add_vertex/3
  - add_vertex/2
  - add_vertex/1
  - del_edge/2
  - del_edges/2
  - del_path/3
  - del_vertex/2
  - del_vertices/2
  - delete/1
  - edge/2
  - edges/1
  - edges/2
  - get_cycle/2
  - get_path/3
  - get_short_cycle/2
  - get_short_path/3
  - in_degree/2
  - in_edges/2
  - in_neighbours/2
  - info/1
  - new/0
  - new/1
  - no_edges/1
  - no_vertices/1
  - out_degree/2
  - out_edges/2
  - out_neighbours/2
  - vertex/2
  - vertices/1
- digraph_utils
  - Top of manual page
  - arborescence_root/1
  - components/1
  - condensation/1
  - cyclic_strong_components/1
  - is_acyclic/1
  - is_arborescence/1
  - is_tree/1
  - loop_vertices/1
  - postorder/1
  - preorder/1
  - reachable/2
  - reachable_neighbours/2
  - reaching/2
  - reaching_neighbours/2
  - strong_components/1
  - subgraph/2
  - topsort/1
- epp
  - Top of manual page
  - open/2
  - open/3
  - close/1
  - parse_erl_form/1
  - parse_file/3
- erl_eval
  - Top of manual page
  - exprs/2
  - exprs/3
  - exprs/4
  - expr/2
  - expr/3
  - expr/4
  - expr/5
  - expr_list/2
  - expr_list/3
  - expr_list/4
  - new_bindings/0
  - bindings/1
  - binding/2
  - add_binding/3
  - del_binding/2
- erl_expand_records
  - Top of manual page
  - module/2
- erl_id_trans
  - Top of manual page
  - parse_transform/2
- erl_internal
  - Top of manual page
  - bif/2
  - guard_bif/2
  - type_test/2
  - arith_op/2
  - bool_op/2
  - comp_op/2
  - list_op/2
  - send_op/2
  - op_type/2
- erl_lint
  - Top of manual page
  - module/1
  - module/2
  - module/3
  - is_guard_test/1
  - format_error/1
- erl_parse
  - Top of manual page
  - parse_form/1
  - parse_exprs/1
  - parse_term/1
  - format_error/1
  - tokens/1
  - tokens/2
  - normalise/1
  - abstract/1
- erl_pp
  - Top of manual page
  - form/1
  - form/2
  - attribute/1
  - attribute/2
  - function/1
  - function/2
  - guard/1
  - guard/2
  - exprs/1
  - exprs/2
  - exprs/3
  - expr/1
  - expr/2
  - expr/3
  - expr/4
- erl_scan
  - Top of manual page
  - string/1
  - string/2
  - string/3
  - tokens/3
  - tokens/4
  - reserved_word/1
  - token_info/1
  - token_info/2
  - attributes_info/1
  - attributes_info/2
  - set_attribute/3
  - format_error/1
- erl_tar
  - Top of manual page
  - add/3
  - add/4
  - close/1
  - create/2
  - create/3
  - extract/1
  - extract/2
  - format_error/1
  - open/2
  - table/1
  - table/2
  - t/1
  - tt/1
- ets
  - Top of manual page
  - all/0
  - delete/1
  - delete/2
  - delete_all_objects/1
  - delete_object/2
  - file2tab/1
  - file2tab/2
  - first/1
  - foldl/3
  - foldr/3
  - from_dets/2
  - fun2ms/1
  - give_away/3
  - i/0
  - i/1
  - info/1
  - info/2
  - init_table/2
  - insert/2
  - insert_new/2
  - is_compiled_ms/1
  - last/1
  - lookup/2
  - lookup_element/3
  - match/2
  - match/3
  - match/1
  - match_delete/2
  - match_object/2
  - match_object/3
  - match_object/1
  - match_spec_compile/1
  - match_spec_run/2
  - member/2
  - new/2
  - next/2
  - prev/2
  - rename/2
  - repair_continuation/2
  - safe_fixtable/2
  - select/2
  - select/3
  - select/1
  - select_count/2
  - select_delete/2
  - select_reverse/2
  - select_reverse/3
  - select_reverse/1
  - setopts/2
  - slot/2
  - tab2file/2
  - tab2file/3
  - tab2list/1
  - tabfile_info/1
  - table/1
  - test_ms/2
  - to_dets/2
  - update_counter/3
  - update_counter/3
  - update_counter/3
  - update_element/3
  - update_element/3
- file_sorter
  - Top of manual page
  - sort/1
  - sort/2
  - sort/3
  - keysort/2
  - keysort/3
  - keysort/4
  - merge/2
  - merge/3
  - keymerge/3
  - keymerge/4
  - check/1
  - check/2
  - keycheck/2
  - keycheck/3
- filelib
  - Top of manual page
  - ensure_dir/1
  - file_size/1
  - fold_files/5
  - is_dir/1
  - is_file/1
  - is_regular/1
  - last_modified/1
  - wildcard/1
  - wildcard/2
- filename
  - Top of manual page
  - absname/1
  - absname/2
  - absname_join/2
  - basename/1
  - basename/2
  - dirname/1
  - extension/1
  - flatten/1
  - join/1
  - join/2
  - nativename/1
  - pathtype/1
  - rootname/1
  - rootname/2
  - split/1
  - find_src/1
  - find_src/2
- gb_sets
  - Top of manual page
  - add/2
  - add_element/2
  - balance/1
  - delete/2
  - delete_any/2
  - del_element/2
  - difference/2
  - subtract/2
  - empty/0
  - new/0
  - filter/2
  - fold/3
  - from_list/1
  - from_ordset/1
  - insert/2
  - intersection/2
  - intersection/1
  - is_disjoint/2
  - is_empty/1
  - is_member/2
  - is_element/2
  - is_set/1
  - is_subset/2
  - iterator/1
  - largest/1
  - next/1
  - singleton/1
  - size/1
  - smallest/1
  - take_largest/1
  - take_smallest/1
  - to_list/1
  - union/2
  - union/1
- gb_trees
  - Top of manual page
  - balance/1
  - delete/2
  - delete_any/2
  - empty/0
  - enter/3
  - from_orddict/1
  - get/2
  - lookup/2
  - insert/3
  - is_defined/2
  - is_empty/1
  - iterator/1
  - keys/1
  - largest/1
  - map/2
  - next/1
  - size/1
  - smallest/1
  - take_largest/1
  - take_smallest/1
  - to_list/1
  - update/3
  - values/1
- gen_event
  - Top of manual page
  - start_link/0
  - start_link/1
  - start/0
  - start/1
  - add_handler/3
  - add_sup_handler/3
  - notify/2
  - sync_notify/2
  - call/3
  - call/4
  - delete_handler/3
  - swap_handler/3
  - swap_sup_handler/3
  - which_handlers/1
  - stop/1
  - Module:init/1
  - Module:handle_event/2
  - Module:handle_call/2
  - Module:handle_info/2
  - Module:terminate/2
  - Module:code_change/3
  - Module:format_status/2
- gen_fsm
  - Top of manual page
  - start_link/3
  - start_link/4
  - start/3
  - start/4
  - send_event/2
  - send_all_state_event/2
  - sync_send_event/2
  - sync_send_event/3
  - sync_send_all_state_event/2
  - sync_send_all_state_event/3
  - reply/2
  - send_event_after/2
  - start_timer/2
  - cancel_timer/1
  - enter_loop/4
  - enter_loop/5
  - enter_loop/5
  - enter_loop/6
  - Module:init/1
  - Module:StateName/2
  - Module:handle_event/3
  - Module:StateName/3
  - Module:handle_sync_event/4
  - Module:handle_info/3
  - Module:terminate/3
  - Module:code_change/4
  - Module:format_status/2
- gen_server
  - Top of manual page
  - start_link/3
  - start_link/4
  - start/3
  - start/4
  - call/2
  - call/3
  - multi_call/2
  - multi_call/3
  - multi_call/4
  - cast/2
  - abcast/2
  - abcast/3
  - reply/2
  - enter_loop/3
  - enter_loop/4
  - enter_loop/4
  - enter_loop/5
  - Module:init/1
  - Module:handle_call/3
  - Module:handle_cast/2
  - Module:handle_info/2
  - Module:terminate/2
  - Module:code_change/3
  - Module:format_status/2
- io
  - Top of manual page
  - columns/0
  - columns/1
  - put_chars/1
  - put_chars/2
  - nl/0
  - nl/1
  - get_chars/2
  - get_chars/3
  - get_line/1
  - get_line/2
  - getopts/0
  - getopts/1
  - setopts/1
  - setopts/2
  - write/1
  - write/2
  - read/1
  - read/2
  - read/3
  - fwrite/1
  - fwrite/2
  - fwrite/3
  - format/1
  - format/2
  - format/3
  - fread/2
  - fread/3
  - rows/0
  - rows/1
  - scan_erl_exprs/1
  - scan_erl_exprs/2
  - scan_erl_exprs/3
  - scan_erl_form/1
  - scan_erl_form/2
  - scan_erl_form/3
  - parse_erl_exprs/1
  - parse_erl_exprs/2
  - parse_erl_exprs/3
  - parse_erl_form/1
  - parse_erl_form/2
  - parse_erl_form/3
- io_lib
  - Top of manual page
  - nl/0
  - write/1
  - write/2
  - print/1
  - print/4
  - fwrite/2
  - format/2
  - fread/2
  - fread/3
  - write_atom/1
  - write_string/1
  - write_char/1
  - indentation/2
  - char_list/1
  - deep_char_list/1
  - printable_list/1
- lib
  - Top of manual page
  - flush_receive/0
  - error_message/2
  - progname/0
  - nonl/1
  - send/2
  - sendw/2
- lists
  - Top of manual page
  - all/2
  - any/2
  - append/1
  - append/2
  - concat/1
  - delete/2
  - dropwhile/2
  - duplicate/2
  - filter/2
  - flatlength/1
  - flatmap/2
  - flatten/1
  - flatten/2
  - foldl/3
  - foldr/3
  - foreach/2
  - keydelete/3
  - keyfind/3
  - keymap/3
  - keymember/3
  - keymerge/3
  - keyreplace/4
  - keysearch/3
  - keysort/2
  - keystore/4
  - keytake/3
  - last/1
  - map/2
  - mapfoldl/3
  - mapfoldr/3
  - max/1
  - member/2
  - merge/1
  - merge/2
  - merge/3
  - merge3/3
  - min/1
  - nth/2
  - nthtail/2
  - partition/2
  - prefix/2
  - reverse/1
  - reverse/2
  - seq/2
  - seq/3
  - sort/1
  - sort/2
  - split/2
  - splitwith/2
  - sublist/2
  - sublist/3
  - subtract/2
  - suffix/2
  - sum/1
  - takewhile/2
  - ukeymerge/3
  - ukeysort/2
  - umerge/1
  - umerge/2
  - umerge/3
  - umerge3/3
  - unzip/1
  - unzip3/1
  - usort/1
  - usort/2
  - zip/2
  - zip3/3
  - zipwith/3
  - zipwith3/4
- log_mf_h
  - Top of manual page
  - init/3
  - init/4
- math
  - Top of manual page
  - pi/0
  - sin/1
  - cos/1
  - tan/1
  - asin/1
  - acos/1
  - atan/1
  - atan2/2
  - sinh/1
  - cosh/1
  - tanh/1
  - asinh/1
  - acosh/1
  - atanh/1
  - exp/1
  - log/1
  - log10/1
  - pow/2
  - sqrt/1
  - erf/1
  - erfc/1
- ms_transform
  - Top of manual page
  - parse_transform/2
  - transform_from_shell/3
  - format_error/1
- orddict
  - Top of manual page
  - append/3
  - append_list/3
  - erase/2
  - fetch/2
  - fetch_keys/1
  - filter/2
  - find/2
  - fold/3
  - from_list/1
  - is_key/2
  - map/2
  - merge/3
  - new/0
  - size/1
  - store/3
  - to_list/1
  - update/3
  - update/4
  - update_counter/3
- ordsets
  - Top of manual page
  - new/0
  - is_set/1
  - size/1
  - to_list/1
  - from_list/1
  - is_element/2
  - add_element/2
  - del_element/2
  - union/2
  - union/1
  - intersection/2
  - intersection/1
  - is_disjoint/2
  - subtract/2
  - is_subset/2
  - fold/3
  - filter/2
- pg
  - Top of manual page
  - create/1
  - create/2
  - join/2
  - send/2
  - esend/2
  - members/1
- pool
  - Top of manual page
  - start/1
  - start/2
  - attach/1
  - stop/0
  - get_nodes/0
  - pspawn/3
  - pspawn_link/3
  - get_node/0
- proc_lib
  - Top of manual page
  - spawn/1
  - spawn/2
  - spawn/3
  - spawn/4
  - spawn_link/1
  - spawn_link/2
  - spawn_link/3
  - spawn_link/4
  - spawn_opt/2
  - spawn_opt/3
  - spawn_opt/4
  - spawn_opt/5
  - start/3
  - start/4
  - start/5
  - start_link/3
  - start_link/4
  - start_link/5
  - init_ack/2
  - init_ack/1
  - format/1
  - initial_call/1
  - translate_initial_call/1
  - hibernate/3
- proplists
  - Top of manual page
  - append_values/2
  - compact/1
  - delete/2
  - expand/2
  - get_all_values/2
  - get_bool/2
  - get_keys/1
  - get_value/2
  - get_value/3
  - is_defined/2
  - lookup/2
  - lookup_all/2
  - normalize/2
  - property/1
  - property/2
  - split/2
  - substitute_aliases/2
  - substitute_negations/2
  - unfold/1
- qlc
  - Top of manual page
  - append/1
  - append/2
  - cursor/1
  - delete_cursor/1
  - eval/1
  - e/1
  - fold/3
  - format_error/1
  - info/1
  - keysort/2
  - next_answers/1
  - q/1
  - sort/1
  - string_to_handle/1
  - table/2
- queue
  - Top of manual page
  - new/0
  - is_queue/1
  - is_empty/1
  - len/1
  - in/2
  - in_r/2
  - out/1
  - out_r/1
  - from_list/1
  - to_list/1
  - reverse/1
  - split/2
  - join/2
  - filter/2
  - member/2
  - get/1
  - get_r/1
  - drop/1
  - drop_r/1
  - peek/1
  - peek_r/1
  - cons/2
  - head/1
  - tail/1
  - snoc/2
  - daeh/1
  - last/1
  - liat/1
  - init/1
  - lait/1
- random
  - Top of manual page
  - seed/0
  - seed/3
  - seed/1
  - seed0/0
  - uniform/0
  - uniform/1
  - uniform_s/1
  - uniform_s/2
- re
  - Top of manual page
  - compile/1
  - compile/2
  - run/2
  - run/3
  - replace/3
  - replace/4
  - split/2
  - split/3
- regexp
  - Top of manual page
  - match/2
  - first_match/2
  - matches/2
  - sub/3
  - gsub/3
  - split/2
  - sh_to_awk/1
  - parse/1
  - format_error/1
- sets
  - Top of manual page
  - new/0
  - is_set/1
  - size/1
  - to_list/1
  - from_list/1
  - is_element/2
  - add_element/2
  - del_element/2
  - union/2
  - union/1
  - intersection/2
  - intersection/1
  - is_disjoint/2
  - subtract/2
  - is_subset/2
  - fold/3
  - filter/2
- shell
  - Top of manual page
  - history/1
  - results/1
  - catch_exception/1
  - prompt_func/1
  - start_restricted/1
  - stop_restricted/0
- shell_default
- slave
  - Top of manual page
  - start/1
  - start/2
  - start/3
  - start_link/1
  - start_link/2
  - start_link/3
  - stop/1
  - pseudo/1
  - pseudo/2
  - relay/1
- sofs
  - Top of manual page
  - a_function/1
  - canonical_relation/1
  - composite/2
  - constant_function/2
  - converse/1
  - difference/2
  - digraph_to_family/1
  - domain/1
  - drestriction/2
  - drestriction/3
  - empty_set/0
  - extension/3
  - family/1
  - family_difference/2
  - family_domain/1
  - family_field/1
  - family_intersection/1
  - family_intersection/2
  - family_projection/2
  - family_range/1
  - family_specification/2
  - family_to_digraph/1
  - family_to_relation/1
  - family_union/1
  - family_union/2
  - field/1
  - from_external/2
  - from_sets/1
  - from_sets/1
  - from_term/1
  - image/2
  - intersection/1
  - intersection/2
  - intersection_of_family/1
  - inverse/1
  - inverse_image/2
  - is_a_function/1
  - is_disjoint/2
  - is_empty_set/1
  - is_equal/2
  - is_set/1
  - is_sofs_set/1
  - is_subset/2
  - is_type/1
  - join/4
  - multiple_relative_product/2
  - no_elements/1
  - partition/1
  - partition/2
  - partition/3
  - partition_family/2
  - product/1
  - product/2
  - projection/2
  - range/1
  - relation/1
  - relation_to_family/1
  - relative_product/1
  - relative_product/2
  - relative_product1/2
  - restriction/2
  - restriction/3
  - set/1
  - specification/2
  - strict_relation/1
  - substitution/2
  - symdiff/2
  - symmetric_partition/2
  - to_external/1
  - to_sets/1
  - type/1
  - union/1
  - union/2
  - union_of_family/1
  - weak_relation/1
- string
  - Top of manual page
  - len/1
  - equal/2
  - concat/2
  - chr/2
  - rchr/2
  - str/2
  - rstr/2
  - span/2
  - cspan/2
  - substr/2
  - substr/3
  - tokens/2
  - join/2
  - chars/2
  - chars/3
  - copies/2
  - words/1
  - words/2
  - sub_word/2
  - sub_word/3
  - strip/1
  - strip/2
  - strip/3
  - left/2
  - left/3
  - right/2
  - right/3
  - centre/2
  - centre/3
  - sub_string/2
  - sub_string/3
  - to_float/1
  - to_integer/1
  - to_lower/1
  - to_lower/1
  - to_upper/1
  - to_upper/1
- supervisor
  - Top of manual page
  - start_link/2
  - start_link/3
  - start_child/2
  - terminate_child/2
  - delete_child/2
  - restart_child/2
  - which_children/1
  - count_children/1
  - check_childspecs/1
  - Module:init/1
- supervisor_bridge
  - Top of manual page
  - start_link/2
  - start_link/3
  - Module:init/1
  - Module:terminate/2
- sys
  - Top of manual page
  - log/2
  - log/3
  - log_to_file/2
  - log_to_file/3
  - statistics/2
  - statistics/3
  - trace/2
  - trace/3
  - no_debug/1
  - no_debug/2
  - suspend/1
  - suspend/2
  - resume/1
  - resume/2
  - change_code/4
  - change_code/5
  - get_status/1
  - get_status/2
  - install/2
  - install/3
  - remove/2
  - remove/3
  - debug_options/1
  - get_debug/3
  - handle_debug/4
  - handle_system_msg/6
  - print_log/1
  - Mod:system_continue/3
  - Mod:system_terminate/4
  - Mod:system_code_change/4
- timer
  - Top of manual page
  - start/0
  - apply_after/4
  - send_after/3
  - send_after/2
  - exit_after/3
  - exit_after/2
  - kill_after/2
  - kill_after/1
  - apply_interval/4
  - send_interval/3
  - send_interval/2
  - cancel/1
  - sleep/1
  - tc/3
  - tc/2
  - now_diff/2
  - seconds/1
  - minutes/1
  - hours/1
  - hms/3
- unicode
  - Top of manual page
  - bom_to_encoding/1
  - characters_to_list/1
  - characters_to_list/2
  - characters_to_binary/1
  - characters_to_binary/2
  - characters_to_binary/3
  - encoding_to_bom/1
- win32reg
  - Top of manual page
  - change_key/2
  - change_key_create/2
  - close/1
  - current_key/1
  - delete_key/1
  - delete_value/2
  - expand/1
  - format_error/1
  - open/1
  - set_value/3
  - sub_keys/1
  - value/2
  - values/1
- zip
  - Top of manual page
  - zip/2
  - zip/3
  - create/2
  - create/3
  - unzip/1
  - unzip/2
  - extract/1
  - extract/2
  - foldl/3
  - list_dir/1
  - list_dir/2
  - table/1
  - table/2
  - t/1
  - tt/1
  - zip_open/1
  - zip_open/2
  - zip_list_dir/1
  - zip_get/1
  - zip_get/2
  - zip_close/1

# erl_tar

### MODULE

erl_tar

### MODULE SUMMARY

Unix 'tar' utility for reading and writing tar archives

### DESCRIPTION

The erl_tar module archives and extract files to and from a tar file. The tar file format is the POSIX extended tar file format specified in IEEE Std 1003.1 and ISO/IEC 9945-1. That is the same format as used by tar program on Solaris, but is not the same as used by the GNU tar program.

By convention, the name of a tar file should end in ".tar". To abide to the convention, you'll need to add ".tar" yourself to the name.

Tar files can be created in one operation using the create/2 or create/3 function.

Alternatively, for more control, the open, add/3,4, and close/1 functions can be used.

To extract all files from a tar file, use the extract/1 function. To extract only some files or to be able to specify some more options, use the extract/2 function.

To return a list of the files in a tar file, use either the table/1 or table/2 function. To print a list of files to the Erlang shell, use either the t/1 or tt/1 function.

To convert an error term returned from one of the functions above to a readable message, use the format_error/1 function.

### LIMITATIONS

For maximum compatibility, it is safe to archive files with names up to 100 characters in length. Such tar files can generally be extracted by any tar program.

If filenames exceed 100 characters in length, the resulting tar file can only be correctly extracted by a POSIX-compatible tar program (such as Solaris tar), not by GNU tar.

File have longer names than 256 bytes cannot be stored at all.

The filename of the file a symbolic link points is always limited to 100 characters.

### EXPORTS

add(TarDescriptor, Filename, Options) -> RetValue

Types:

TarDescriptor = term()
Filename = filename()
Options = [Option]
Option = dereference|verbose
RetValue = ok|{error,{Filename,Reason}}
Reason = term()

The add/3 function adds a file to a tar file that has been opened for writing by open/1.

dereference

  By default, symbolic links will be stored as symbolic links in the tar file. Use the dereference option to override the default and store the file that the symbolic link points to into the tar file.

verbose

  Print an informational message about the file being added.

add(TarDescriptor, FilenameOrBin, NameInArchive, Options) -> RetValue

Types:

TarDescriptor = term()
FilenameOrBin = Filename()|binary()
Filename = filename()()
NameInArchive = filename()
Options = [Option]
Option = dereference|verbose
RetValue = ok|{error,{Filename,Reason}}
Reason = term()

The add/4 function adds a file to a tar file that has been opened for writing by open/1. It accepts the same options as add/3.

NameInArchive is the name under which the file will be stored in the tar file. That is the name that the file will get when it will be extracted from the tar file.

close(TarDescriptor)

Types:

TarDescriptor = term()

The close/1 function closes a tar file opened by open/1.

create(Name, FileList) ->RetValue

Types:

Name = filename()
FileList = [Filename|{NameInArchive, binary()},{NameInArchive, Filename}]
Filename = filename()
NameInArchive = filename()
RetValue = ok|{error,{Name,Reason}} <V>Reason = term()

The create/2 function creates a tar file and archives the files whose names are given in FileList into it. The files may either be read from disk or given as binaries.

create(Name, FileList, OptionList)

Types:

Name = filename()
FileList = [Filename|{NameInArchive, binary()},{NameInArchive, Filename}]
Filename = filename()
NameInArchive = filename()
OptionList = [Option]
Option = compressed|cooked|dereference|verbose
RetValue = ok|{error,{Name,Reason}} <V>Reason = term()

The create/3 function creates a tar file and archives the files whose names are given in FileList into it. The files may either be read from disk or given as binaries.

The options in OptionList modify the defaults as follows.

compressed

  The entire tar file will be compressed, as if it has been run through the gzip program. To abide to the convention that a compressed tar file should end in ".tar.gz" or ".tgz", you'll need to add the appropriate extension yourself.

cooked

  By default, the open/2 function will open the tar file in raw mode, which is faster but does not allow a remote (erlang) file server to be used. Adding cooked to the mode list will override the default and open the tar file without the raw option.

dereference

  By default, symbolic links will be stored as symbolic links in the tar file. Use the dereference option to override the default and store the file that the symbolic link points to into the tar file.

verbose

  Print an informational message about each file being added.

extract(Name) -> RetValue

Types:

Name = filename()
RetValue = ok|{error,{Name,Reason}}
Reason = term()

The extract/1 function extracts all files from a tar archive.

If the Name argument is given as "{binary,Binary}", the contents of the binary is assumed to be a tar archive.

If the Name argument is given as "{file,Fd}", Fd is assumed to be a file descriptor returned from the file:open/2 function.

Otherwise, Name should be a filename.

extract(Name, OptionList)

Types:

Name = filename() | {binary,Binary} | {file,Fd}
Binary = binary()
Fd = file_descriptor()
OptionList = [Option]
Option = {cwd,Cwd}|{files,FileList}|keep_old_files|verbose|memory
Cwd = [dirname()]
FileList = [filename()]
RetValue = ok|MemoryRetValue|{error,{Name,Reason}}
MemoryRetValue = {ok, [{NameInArchive,binary()}]}
NameInArchive = filename()
Reason = term()

The extract/2 function extracts files from a tar archive.

If the Name argument is given as "{binary,Binary}", the contents of the binary is assumed to be a tar archive.

If the Name argument is given as "{file,Fd}", Fd is assumed to be a file descriptor returned from the file:open/2 function.

Otherwise, Name should be a filename.

The following options modify the defaults for the extraction as follows.

{cwd,Cwd}

  Files with relative filenames will by default be extracted to the current working directory. Given the {cwd,Cwd} option, the extract/2 function will extract into the directory Cwd instead of to the current working directory.

{files,FileList}

  By default, all files will be extracted from the tar file. Given the {files,Files} option, the extract/2 function will only extract the files whose names are included in FileList.

compressed

  Given the compressed option, the extract/2 function will uncompress the file while extracting If the tar file is not actually compressed, the compressed will effectively be ignored.

cooked

  By default, the open/2 function will open the tar file in raw mode, which is faster but does not allow a remote (erlang) file server to be used. Adding cooked to the mode list will override the default and open the tar file without the raw option.

memory

  Instead of extracting to a directory, the memory option will give the result as a list of tuples {Filename, Binary}, where Binary is a binary containing the extracted data of the file named Filename in the tar file.

keep_old_files

  By default, all existing files with the same name as file in the tar file will be overwritten Given the keep_old_files option, the extract/2 function will not overwrite any existing files.

verbose

  Print an informational message as each file is being extracted.

format_error(Reason) -> string()

Types:

Reason = term()

The format_error/1 converts an error reason term to a human-readable error message string.

open(Name, OpenModeList) -> RetValue

Types:

Name = filename()
OpenModeList = [OpenMode]
Mode = write|compressed|cooked
RetValue = {ok,TarDescriptor}|{error,{Name,Reason}}
TarDescriptor = term()
Reason = term()

The open/2 function creates a tar file for writing. (Any existing file with the same name will be truncated.)

By convention, the name of a tar file should end in ".tar". To abide to the convention, you'll need to add ".tar" yourself to the name.

Except for the write atom the following atoms may be added to OpenModeList:

compressed

  The entire tar file will be compressed, as if it has been run through the gzip program. To abide to the convention that a compressed tar file should end in ".tar.gz" or ".tgz", you'll need to add the appropriate extension yourself.

cooked

  By default, the open/2 function will open the tar file in raw mode, which is faster but does not allow a remote (erlang) file server to be used. Adding cooked to the mode list will override the default and open the tar file without the raw option.

Use the add/3,4 functions to add one file at the time into an opened tar file. When you are finished adding files, use the close function to close the tar file.

Warning

The TarDescriptor term is not a file descriptor. You should not rely on the specific contents of the TarDescriptor term, as it may change in future versions as more features are added to the erl_tar module.

table(Name) -> RetValue

Types:

Name = filename()
RetValue = {ok,[string()]}|{error,{Name,Reason}}
Reason = term()

The table/1 function retrieves the names of all files in the tar file Name.

table(Name, Options)

Types:

Name = filename()

The table/2 function retrieves the names of all files in the tar file Name.

t(Name)

Types:

Name = filename()

The t/1 function prints the names of all files in the tar file Name to the Erlang shell. (Similar to "tar t".)

tt(Name)

Types:

Name = filename()

The tt/1 function prints names and information about all files in the tar file Name to the Erlang shell. (Similar to "tar tv".)